Geographical Distribution
Widespread across India primarily in regions with suitable habitats like sandy riverbanks, river islands, and wetlands.

General Information  
This small bird measures 16.5–18.5 cm in length, with a wingspan of 42–48 cm, and is characterized by its sandy grey coloration. Breeding adults display a tan wash on the throat, while non-breeding individuals have a streaked throat. It has a square-ended tail with a shallow fork, and its flight is agile and erratic. In flight, the black-and-white wing pattern, black tail band, and blackish underwing coverts are prominent. Juveniles are distinguished by buff fringes and brown subterminal markings on the upperparts. Primarily crepuscular, the bird is also active during overcast days. It favors rocky or sandy islands in rivers but can also be found in marshes, estuaries, and lakesides. 

Highly gregarious, the species often forms large flocks during the non-breeding season. The breeding season typically occurs between February and May, with nests made in simple scrapes on bare ground, usually on sandy banks near water. These rudimentary nests blend seamlessly with the surrounding environment, making them difficult to spot.

Threats
- Illegal sand mining on riverbeds
- Conversion of riverside lands into agricultural fields, leading to habitat loss.
- Increased human activity in their nesting areas.