Geographical Distribution
In India, River Tern is found nationwide, primarily inhabiting rivers and freshwater lakes, with occasional sightings in estuarine regions.

General Information  
The River Tern is a slender bird, about the size of a pigeon, characterized by grey upper parts, whitish-grey underparts, a black cap on the head, an orange-yellow beak, long pointed wings, a deeply forked tail with greyish-white outer tail feathers, and short yellow legs. Both sexes look similar. During the breeding season, from February to May, its head and nape turn a deep glossy black. In contrast, non-breeding adults display patchy black on the head instead of a full cap, lack elongated outer tail feathers, and develop a dark tip on the bill. Juveniles lack the black markings and have mottled brownish-grey plumage on their upper parts with a partial black "mask" around the head.

The River Tern is a resident breeder in the region, commonly found along rivers and freshwater lakes, with occasional appearances in estuaries. It breeds on sandy and rocky islands, particularly along riverbanks, as well as in large reservoirs and natural or artificial wetlands. This species spends much of its time foraging, primarily feeding on fish, small crustaceans, and insects. It is more often seen in flight than on the ground, with a distinctive, slightly jerky flight pattern and a habit of flying in circling curves while fishing.  

Threats
- Nesting areas are highly vulnerable to flooding, predation, and human disturbances.
- Illegal sand mining poses a significant threat to their habitat.
- Discarded fishing nets can lead to the strangling of chicks.
- Eggs and chicks are susceptible to predation by various terrestrial animals, including domestic dogs, monitor lizards, house crows, and raptors.